Abstract: This paper introduces the use of a microcontroller to diagnose faults such as phase loss, overcurrent, and power failure in linear motors during operation, as well as the design and working principle of alarms and motor protection. Keywords : Microcontroller; Linear motor; Schematic diagram A linear motor is a special type of direct-drive motor without an intermediate switching mechanism, making speed control difficult. In production, the power grid, dust, and humidity all significantly affect the reliable operation of the motor. With the continuous development and application of linear motors in coal mine production, their stability and anti-interference capabilities have become important issues for safe production. This paper focuses on reducing the impact of the power grid on linear motors. Using the AT-MEL89C51 microcontroller as the central processing unit, combined with a high-precision sampling circuit, it facilitates the diagnosis of faults such as phase loss, overcurrent, and power failure during motor operation, as well as the design of alarms and motor protection. The main technical specifications during the experiment are as follows: Rated voltage: 380V/50Hz; Rated current: 160 A; Starting thrust: 3000N; Relative humidity: 60% (20℃). 1. System Structure The control system uses the AT89C51 microcontroller as its core. It consists of an analog-to-digital converter circuit, fault display, alarm, and drive circuits. The system block diagram is shown in Figure 1. The system continuously monitors the linear motor current value through analog-to-digital conversion. When an abnormality occurs, the motor stops working, the system analyzes and displays the cause of the fault, and issues an alarm sound, avoiding unnecessary economic losses. [b][align=center]For more details, please click: Application of Microcontroller in Linear Motor Control[/align][/b]