China's sustained and stable economic growth has provided ample space for the development of the CNC machine tool industry. Simultaneously, the national strategy of revitalizing the equipment manufacturing industry has greatly boosted the development of CNC machine tool manufacturers, often referred to as the "mother machines" of the equipment manufacturing sector. Figure 1 shows the machining of blades using a Mitsubishi CNC system with 4-axis linkage. Since around 2000, China's CNC machine tool industry has been experiencing its best period of development in history, maintaining a growth rate of over 30% annually. In terms of CNC machine tool varieties, the proportion of general-purpose CNC machine tools has increased from 10% more than a decade ago to nearly 40% currently. This structural change indicates a significant improvement in the overall quality of China's CNC machine tool industry. Looking at future market trends, demand for CNC machine tools is expected to continue growing at an average annual rate of 20% to 30%. Meanwhile, industries such as aerospace, shipbuilding, automotive, mold processing, and electronic component manufacturing will demand higher quality, higher precision, higher speed, higher stability, and higher operability from CNC machine tools, driving a continued increase in the demand for mid-to-high-end CNC machine tools. On the other hand, the pursuit of on-site production efficiency, such as large-scale production and the continuous updating and switching of processed product varieties, will further promote the transformation of CNC machine tools from traditional processing machinery to composite information processing machinery with functions such as data transmission and network communication. High-precision and high-quality processing Good processing depends on the controllable precision of the CNC system, the mechanical precision of the CNC machine tool, and suitable processing conditions. To achieve such indicators, the following key points should be emphasized in terms of the overall CNC system: (1) Instruction precision, internal numerical calculation and processing precision; data communication capability between the control unit and the servo drive unit; control precision of the drive system (including internal numerical processing of the servo drive unit, high-sensitivity motor, high-resolution encoder, etc.). (2) Compensation capability for static errors corresponding to the mechanical parts (backlash, mechanical compensation, etc.). (3) Dynamic compensation corresponding to the mechanical parts (LostMotion, temperature compensation, high-speed optimized mechanical response and feedback control, etc.). In addition to the existing E68 and M60S series already available in the Chinese market, Mitsubishi Electric's latest M70/M700 models incorporate the aforementioned functions. To achieve even higher precision 10-nanometer or higher true nanometer control, these models integrate the aforementioned technologies and have been developed and implemented, including fully nanometer commands, nanometer interpolation of control paths, a high-speed fiber optic servo communication network (MACHnet), high-gain control type II servo control, the latest highly controllable HF motor, and a high-resolution 1 million or 16 million pulse encoder. Furthermore, addressing technical challenges related to mechanical dynamic control precision compensation, world-leading technologies such as SSS (SuperSmooth Surface), OMR-FF (Optimum Machine Response-Feed Forward), and DDC (Direct Drive Communication) control are employed. High Efficiency, Composite Machining The improved on-site production efficiency is reflected in the CNC system through shorter machining preparation time, higher machining speed, and the ability to complete complex machining operations simultaneously on a single CNC machine tool. The key technical specifications are reflected in: ease of conversion from machining drawings to machining programs; high-speed machining capabilities; and multi-system (channel) integrated milling and turning composite machining. Mitsubishi Electric's CNC products, as well as its auxiliary tools on general computers, can achieve the NAVIMILL/NAVILATHE function, eliminating the need for user programming during the machining process from drawings to finished products. Simultaneously, aiming to shorten machining time, especially for mold machining where a single machining operation can take a long time, its machining speed can reach 135 KBPM. For automotive parts machining, it provides dual-system (channel) machining centers and four-system (channel) lathes, along with complete milling and turning functions, allowing customers to simultaneously machine multiple parts on the same CNC machine tool and automatically complete highly complex machining programs, while minimizing the time and accuracy errors caused by re-clamping due to different cutting surfaces of the parts. [align=center]Figure 2 Mitsubishi CNC's latest M700 CNC system series and corresponding nano-control MDS-D series servo drives and HF series motors[/align] Highly operable and intelligent human-machine interface With the increasing complexity of CNC systems, the addition of functions has unintentionally increased the complexity of operation. Furthermore, the continuous popularization of CNC machine tools and the expansion of the market mean that more specialized machinery will join the CNC ranks. Relying solely on standard CNC screens provided by CNC system manufacturers can no longer fully meet the actual on-site operation needs and the individualized screen designs of machine manufacturers. Therefore, the ease of operation and personalized design of the CNC system's human-machine interface, as one of the performance indicators of the CNC system, are becoming increasingly important. Its technological development direction is roughly as follows: how to obtain the desired screen with as few key operations as possible with the increasing number of CNC screens as functions increase; how to display necessary information while conveying a concise and clear meaning; and how to use touch screens to reduce the hardware configuration of mechanical operation panels while improving design flexibility. Integrated Production Management, Digitalization, and Information-Based Processing Utilizing multiple CNC machine tools to process components similar to automobiles or 3C products is another trend in today's machining sites. The types and content of real-time information opened by the CNC system, as well as the number of methods or corresponding network specifications, greatly affect the digital integrated on-site production management of manufacturing plants. This is mainly reflected in the following: (1) Types of information opened, such as machine tool operating status, processing quantity, tool life, alarm information, processing programs, etc. (2) Methods of information opened, such as RS232, Ethernet, PC-card, USB for data; and PLC interface, CC-link, MELSECNET, Profi-bus for control. (3) Remote monitoring and fault diagnosis, such as machine tool operation, screen switching, fault analysis and troubleshooting through network ports. Mitsubishi CNC systems, under the background of Mitsubishi Electric as a comprehensive R&D and manufacturing enterprise of factory automation (FA), have a long history of development in the networking and information-based aspects of the CNC machine tool industry. In the M70/M700 series products, not only can bidirectional communication of various CNC data be achieved between the CNC machine tool and the host computer via Ethernet, but high-speed, highly automated control can also be achieved in conjunction with other control devices through control networks such as PLC interfaces, MELSECNET, or CC-Link. The e-Factory system, which can also integrate from the production floor (MES interface) to the enterprise management level (ERP management), offers broad application prospects for comprehensive digital production management that integrates the CNC system. Furthermore, the full-screen monitoring of the CNC system on the host computer via Ethernet and the remote diagnostic system via telephone line (MR-net) provide fully effective operational support for comprehensive production management. As the core component that issues various process instructions to the CNC machine tool, the performance indicators and functions of the CNC system directly affect the performance and specifications of the machine tool. Therefore, the future development of China's CNC machine tool industry largely depends on the technological development of CNC systems launched on the market.