my country is a major agricultural country, with a large harvest of new grain and a significant amount of old grain stockpiled each year. Improper storage leads to substantial food waste, causing enormous economic losses to the nation and its people. To reduce these losses, traditional methods involved regularly drying, ventilating, and spraying pesticides to prevent pests caused by improper storage. However, these methods are labor-intensive and costly, with limited effectiveness, and mold and spoilage persist. With the development of science and technology, the traditional method of manually checking grain warehouse temperature at fixed points has been gradually replaced by electronic temperature monitoring equipment. This paper designs a grain warehouse temperature monitoring system. A wireless communication network using ZigBee technology monitors the temperature at various points in the warehouse, allowing managers to access real-time information from the control room, thus automating and intelligently managing the grain warehouse. 1. Analysis and Research of ZigBee Technology In applications such as industrial control, environmental monitoring, commercial surveillance, automotive electronics, and home digital control networks, the data transmitted by the system is usually a small burst of signals, characterized by small data volume and requiring real-time transmission. While traditional wireless technologies can meet these requirements, they suffer from high equipment cost, large size, and high energy consumption. For such applications, there is a need for short-range wireless communication technologies that are low-cost, small-sized, low-energy-consumption, and have low transmission rates. ZigBee technology arose to meet this need. It is a low-cost, small-sized, low-energy-consumption, and low-transmission-rate wireless communication technology, commonly referred to as "紫蜂" (Zǐfēng) in Chinese. ZigBee technology is a short-range, low-complexity, low-power, low-data-rate, and low-cost bidirectional wireless communication technology, primarily suitable for automatic control and remote control applications. It can be embedded in various devices and supports geolocation functionality. In ZigBee technology, its architecture is typically quantified by layers, each responsible for completing its defined tasks and providing services to the layers above. The interfaces between layers provide services through defined logical links. The ZigBee technology architecture mainly consists of the Physical (PHY) layer, the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, the Network/Security layer, and the Application Framework layer, as shown in Figure 1. The PHY layer is characterized by starting and stopping the transceiver, power detection, link quality control, channel selection, clearing channel assessment, and sending and receiving data packets through the physical media. The MAC layer is characterized by beacon management, channel access, time slot management, sending acknowledgment frames, sending connection and disconnection requests, and providing methods for applying appropriate security mechanisms. ZigBee technology has two topologies: star and peer-to-peer, each with its own networking characteristics. Based on the system characteristics, this design selects the simple star network structure. Although this method can only build a wireless network with fewer wireless nodes, it is sufficient to meet the system's needs. The star topology consists of a central controller called the PAN master coordinator and multiple slave devices. The master coordinator must be a fully functional device, while the slave devices can be fully functional or have simplified functions. When a fully functional device (FFD) is activated for the first time, it establishes its own network, becoming a PAN master coordinator. All star network operations are independent of other current star networks, ensuring network uniqueness by selecting a PAN identifier. Once a PAN identifier is selected, the PAN master coordinator allows other slave devices to join its network, whether fully functional or simplified. In a star topology, the PAN master coordinator is the primary power-consuming device, while other slave devices are powered by two dry cell batteries. 2 System Hardware Design 2.1 ZigBee Chip Introduction The CC2430, from the Norwegian company Chipcon, is a truly IEEE 802.15.4 compliant on-chip ZigBee product. This chip uses the structure of the previous CC2420 chip, integrating the ZigBee radio frequency (RF) front-end, memory, and microcontroller on a single chip. It uses an 8-bit MCU (8051) with 32/64/128 kB of programmable flash memory and 8 kB of RAM. It also includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), several timers, an AES-128 security coprocessor, a watchdog timer, a sleep-mode timer with a 32kHz crystal oscillator, a power-on reset circuit, and a power-down detection circuit. The CC2430 also has 21 programmable I/O pins. P0 and P1 are fully 8-bit ports, while P2 has only 5 usable bits. By configuring a set of SFR register bits and bytes in software, these pins can be used as regular I/O ports or as peripheral I/O ports for connecting ADCs, timers, or USART components. Its I/O pin functions are as follows: Pins 1-6 (P1.2-P1.7): 4 mA output drive capability; Pins 8 and 9 (P1.0, P1.1): 20 mA drive capability; Pins 11-18 (P0.0-P0.7): 4 mA output drive capability; Pins 43-46 and 48 (P2.0-P2.4): 4 mA output drive capability. The CC2430 chip is manufactured using a 0.18 μm CMOS process, with a current consumption of 27 mA during operation; in receive and transmit modes, the current consumption is less than 27 mA and 25 mA, respectively. The CC2430's sleep mode and ultra-short transition time to active mode are particularly suitable for applications requiring very long battery life. 2.2 System Hardware Circuit This system adopts a star-shaped wireless network system, with only one network coordinator and several RFD nodes. The network coordinator is installed in a manned monitoring room, responsible for establishing and managing the network, displaying the current status of the entire network, and sending received data to the computer. RFDs are installed in various warehouses to collect temperature values ​​and then periodically or intermittently send the data to the network coordinator. Monitoring personnel can monitor the warehouse temperature from the control room via displays, eliminating the need to be physically present at the warehouse. The network coordinator consists of a CC2430, a serial port, an antenna, buttons, and a display module. The antenna is an unbalanced antenna connected to an unbalanced transformer for improved performance. After receiving the signal through the antenna, the CC2430 module outputs it directly to the LCD display via the SPI port. The serial port uses a UART module, which is further connected to an RS-232 module for connecting to a computer. This module converts serial data from external sources into bytes for use by internal parallel data processing devices. The connected computer is used to observe the serial port output data. RFD nodes consist of a CC2430, a temperature sensor, and an antenna. The node detects the ambient temperature using a TC77 temperature sensor and then sends the data to the network coordinator via the antenna. The TC77 is a serially accessible digital temperature sensor manufactured by Microchip, particularly suitable for inexpensive, small-size applications. Temperature data is converted from internal temperature-sensitive elements and can be converted into 13-bit numbers at any time. To reduce interference and impact on other devices and systems, the transmit power of each device should be as low as possible while ensuring normal operation. Typically, Zigbee transmit power is between 0 and +10 dBm, with a communication distance range of 10 m, which can be extended to approximately 300 m. Its transmit power is controlled using the corresponding service primitives. In this design, the minimum transmit power of the RFD node is -3 dBm. At the network coordinator end, to ensure that the device can receive the signal transmitted by the RFD node normally, its useful signal cannot be too large; otherwise, it will cause information reception blockage and prevent normal reception. Typically, the maximum input level of the useful signal at the receiver end is the maximum power value of the useful signal. The maximum input level of the receiver in this design is -20 dBnb. 3 System Software Flow The system software consists of two parts: the host and the extensions. The host, as a full-function system, is responsible for network coordination and human-machine interaction. The extensions, as simple-function systems, wait for commands from the host and transmit local point data. The system flow is shown in Figure 2. 4. Conclusion ZigBee is an emerging short-range, low-data-rate wireless network technology with broad application prospects. This system, based on a summary of domestic and international research findings, utilizes ZigBee technology to build a wireless sensor network for monitoring warehouse temperature. It boasts advantages such as simple network setup, low system cost, easy network expansion, stable communication, and no network fees. It has significant practical application value.