The entire highway monitoring system is divided into a power monitoring system and a traffic operation monitoring system, with both systems sharing a local controller at the terminal. All traffic local controllers in each tunnel are connected via industrial Ethernet switches, forming a ring network system for data communication. The single-mode fiber used is laid separately and is not combined with other transmission optical cables within the tunnel. An industrial control computer is installed in the monitoring room at each tunnel entrance, also connected to all other local controllers within the tunnel via a fiber optic ring industrial Ethernet switch. This computer is responsible for coordinating the local controllers and field equipment, and in case of maintenance, testing, equipment failure at the monitoring sub-center, or communication failure, it can replace the monitoring sub-center for control. The power monitoring subsystem consists of a power monitoring workstation at the monitoring sub-center, local controllers, serial servers, smart meters, power monitoring software, and transmission channels. All high and low voltage distribution cabinets, ventilation control boxes, and lighting control boxes in all tunnels provide dry contacts or serial communication interfaces to connect to the nearest local controller. The local controller and the industrial Ethernet switch form a fiber optic ring network, uploading relevant information to the monitoring sub-center. 1. The power monitoring system provides distributed remote signaling, telemetry, and remote control for power-consuming locations such as medium-voltage substations, tunnel lighting, and tunnel ventilation. Information such as the operating status of electrical equipment and various power parameters is transmitted to the monitoring sub-center via an industrial Ethernet switch through the field control network and stored in the system database for processing by various functional computers. 2. Operators can intuitively understand the equipment operating status, various electrical parameters, and equipment switching status through the workstation's simulated operation diagram. Historical trend data of various electrical parameters, equipment fault alarms, and electrical parameter over-limit alarms can be displayed or printed. The main circuits of high and low voltage substations, fans, and lighting circuits can be remotely controlled from the monitoring sub-center. 3. The system primarily monitors high-voltage distribution cabinets, low-voltage distribution cabinets, diesel generators, and dedicated UPS power supplies for the monitoring system.  Traffic Business Monitoring System Function Overview: 4. Data transmission from monitoring facilities from K0+000 to K50+910 is sent to monitoring sub-center 1; data transmission from monitoring facilities from K50+910 to K135+062 is sent to monitoring sub-center 2. 5. The traffic monitoring local controller system can collect, process, and store detection data from equipment inside and outside the tunnels, monitor the working status of the equipment, upload data to the monitoring sub-center, and receive commands from the monitoring sub-center to control the equipment. The local controller communicates with the monitoring sub-center computer system through the Ethernet communication unit of the main controller. 6. Local controllers are installed in all 22 tunnels and in the medium-voltage substations at toll stations. One industrial control computer is installed in the equipment room at each tunnel monitoring entrance. Data transmission is achieved through an industrial ring network formed by industrial Ethernet switches. 7. The power monitoring and traffic business monitoring systems share the local controller equipment. 8. Two dedicated single-mode optical cables for the monitoring system need to be laid in both the left and right tunnels. The first single-mode optical cable (6 cores) is used for local controller networking and needs to be laid in all 22 tunnels along the entire line. The second single-mode optical cable (16 cores) is used to transmit video from fixed tunnel cameras, vehicle detectors, variable message signs, etc., and is only laid in long tunnels (over 1000m) and tunnel groups. The quantity of communication optical cables for the main road is included in the communication system. Data Transmission Solution I. Tunnel Data Transmission Solution Description: 1. This transmission system includes the transmission of power monitoring and traffic monitoring systems within the tunnel via a shared local controller. 2. The tunnel is constructed using Omate 6000 100M industrial Ethernet switches forming a self-healing ring network, connected to the local controller via RJ45 ports, and to substation relay protection information via a serial server. 3. Information from various field devices within the tunnel is accessed locally by the local controller. 4. Information from variable message signs, vehicle detectors, etc., is accessed to the switching network in the tunnel entrance equipment room via Omate1100 fiber optic transceivers. 5. The tunnel entrance equipment room can be directly connected to the monitoring sub-center via an Omate 6000 device with an optical branch, and simultaneously connected to the switching network in the tunnel entrance equipment room via RJ45. Advantages: 1. Simple networking, high reliability, and good scalability. 2. The Omate1100 fiber optic transceiver provides two RJ45 ports, allowing for the access of two data streams. 3. The Omate 6000's excellent switching performance and extremely fast 30ms self-healing capability greatly ensure the reliable and timely transmission of tunnel data. II. Sub-center Data Transmission Scheme Scheme Description: 1. The connection between the sub-center and the tunnel's industrial Ethernet switches falls into two categories: First, for tunnels with equipment rooms at the tunnel entrance, the Omate 6000 equipment's optical branch connects directly to the monitoring sub-center; second, for tunnels without equipment rooms at the tunnel entrance, the Omate 6000 equipment at the sub-center forms a self-healing ring network with it. 2. The Omate 6000 equipment at the sub-center is centralized. Relevant information enters its respective subsystem and the monitoring sub-center network through the transmission network. Finally, it connects to the monitoring center via a router through the backbone communication network. III. Field Equipment Transmission Scheme Scheme Description: 1. This mainly includes the information transmission of 10KVA medium-voltage substations and field monitoring facilities under each sub-center. 2. Information from the 2.10KVA medium-voltage substation is transmitted to the corresponding branch center's switching network via the Omate T serial server and Omate1100 fiber optic transceiver. 3. Information from field monitoring facilities is directly transmitted to the corresponding branch center's switching network via the Omate1100 fiber optic transceiver.